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    • List of Articles Shahnameh

      • Open Access Article

        1 - The Impressibility of Sa’di from Firdausi based on the Theory of Transtextualite
        زينب  نوروزي وحید  علی بیگی سرهالی
        The works of Sa’di are among the best masterpieces of classic Persian texts who is the full-fledged representative of Persian Culture and Literature. He had been under effect of old texts and there is an obvious relation between Sa’di prosaic works and older works befor More
        The works of Sa’di are among the best masterpieces of classic Persian texts who is the full-fledged representative of Persian Culture and Literature. He had been under effect of old texts and there is an obvious relation between Sa’di prosaic works and older works before him. One of these works is Shahname by Firdausi. The aim of this study is to show and prove this textual relation between Sa’di works and Shahnameh of Firdausi which is based on the Theory of Transtextualite by Gérard Genette which is a perfect theory regarding the intertextual relations; we reviewed all links between Sa’di and Firdausi works in all aspects and came to this conclusion that Sa’di works are a complete sample of Transtextualite which is proved by providing evidences, analytic-descriptive method and their explanations and interpretations; so the full presence of Transtextualite in Sa’di works is proved in this regard. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Criticizing the wisdom in Shahnameh
        فریده  وجدانی
        This paper tries to demonstrate Ferdowsi`s concern toward the golden period of Iranian civilization in which wisdom was a distinctive factor through the application of a descriptive-analysis approach. Moreover, it aims to explain the significance of the wisdom in Irania More
        This paper tries to demonstrate Ferdowsi`s concern toward the golden period of Iranian civilization in which wisdom was a distinctive factor through the application of a descriptive-analysis approach. Moreover, it aims to explain the significance of the wisdom in Iranian ancient culture to which this poet belongs as well as the place of wisdom in Shiite religion of which he was one of its followers. None of these factors, however, have dissuaded him, the scholar who believed and accepted the wisdom by his own personal talent, from considering negative and indecent aspects of the wisdom. Hence, despite the popular belief, not only does not Shahnameh praise the wisdom but also talks about noxious wisdom and its problems. As a result, this research could remove the existed ambiguity in the reading of the fourth verse of Shahnameh`s introduction, under the title of “in praise of the wisdom”, and could attract the reader to pay attention to Ferdowsi’s point of view about criticizing the wisdom. It is necessary to point out that, in spite of seeking for the related sources, the author could not uncover any background which may cover the proposed reading of the aforementioned verse and also any related resource about “criticizing the wisdom in Shahnameh.” Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Investigating the Dramatic Aspects of Rostam and Sohrab Story in Shahnameh Based on Aristotle’s Views on Drama
        داود  حاتمي
        Among the mythological, heroic, and historic stories in Shahnameh, the heroic ones are of better ground and more fascinating perspectives for study than the others. Isolation of heroic function from the functions of mythological-king-hero character and its appearance in More
        Among the mythological, heroic, and historic stories in Shahnameh, the heroic ones are of better ground and more fascinating perspectives for study than the others. Isolation of heroic function from the functions of mythological-king-hero character and its appearance in a particular character named hero, with his own actions and feelings that are increasingly similar to a common human behaviors and emotions on one hand, and Ferdowsi’s (the poet’s) tendency to investigate and interpret the hero’s internal motivations facing epical events, on the other hand, have made the characterization aspect of the work deeper and more elaborate, and also promoted the structure of the story from a mere heroic narration to a dramatic structure with its embodiment potential, that latter effect is more prominent in some of the heroic stories. The study of dramatic aspects of these stories, in addition to understanding the dramatic potentials, helps their typology be more methodological and exact. This article, selecting one of the most well known heroic stories of Shahnameh, i.e. Rustam and Sohrab story, and through an introductory emphasis on the originality of its Iranian version, compared with the non-Iranian ones, attempts to investigate its dramatic aspects based upon Aristotle’s Poetica, as the most ancient and, at the same time, credible thesis on recognizing drama and its mechanism in the context of the classic verse and prose works; and presents its own results. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Shahnameh in the Arab World
        قاسم  مختاري محمود  شهبازي مژگان  نصيري
        Firdowsi is the famous Iranian poet who, by composing the epic of Shahnameh (The Book of Kings), secured a prominent place for himself in Persian literature. The first Arabic translation of the book was made in the 7th century A.H. by Fath Ibin Ali Bondari Isfahani by t More
        Firdowsi is the famous Iranian poet who, by composing the epic of Shahnameh (The Book of Kings), secured a prominent place for himself in Persian literature. The first Arabic translation of the book was made in the 7th century A.H. by Fath Ibin Ali Bondari Isfahani by the decree of Malek Mo’adham Issa Ayoubi. However, the translation being in prose and consequently ignoring almost all the aesthetic aspects of the book, had literally no influence on Arab writers. In the current century and thanks to the indefatigable attempts of some Arab writers and critics, such as the prominent Arab scholar Abd-al-Vahhab Izam who also knows Persian very well and has conducted many researches on Shahnameh in Arabic, Shahnameh has found its place among Arab authors and poets who confessed the greatness of Ferdowsi’s unique work. However, the stories of Shahnameh did not reflected that much in Arabic poetry. There may be three reasons for this fact: tendencies to western literature, prose translations of shahnameh where its poetic features have been lost, and the lack of an epic heritage in Arabic literature. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - The Metamorphosis of Divine Power Discourse in Persian Literature from Avesta to Mystical Texts
        هادی  قلیزاده فیروز  فاضلی محمدکاظم  یوسف‌پور
        The analysis of the discourse formation of Farrah-e Izadi (divine glory) in texts belonging to different periods, with a special focus on Avesta and Shahnameh, Shows that formation of this discourse has undergone various metamorphoses. From among the vast meanings and p More
        The analysis of the discourse formation of Farrah-e Izadi (divine glory) in texts belonging to different periods, with a special focus on Avesta and Shahnameh, Shows that formation of this discourse has undergone various metamorphoses. From among the vast meanings and propositions in these two works, the gift of the divine glory among Iranian kings, being divine mediators, and having a divine right to govern the people have been articulated and foregrounded as special signifiers in an interrelated and interconnected network. Other meanings of the divine glory discourse have been kept on the periphery to harmonize other properties around this central point and to reduce or block their meanings. This study shows that divine glory discourse has been formed and fixed as an obvious truth, using language strategies such as repetition of the compatible propositions, otherness, finality of its own discourse, reductionism, elimination of the rival discourse, and marginalization of lots of properties. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - The function of headers of Florence's manuscripts in rewriting Shahnameh stories
         
        Ancient literary stories must be told in a simple and fluent language in order to be compelling and comprehensible to today's audience. The process of narrating these tales in contemporary language should be in accordance with the principles that have two main axes: Fir More
        Ancient literary stories must be told in a simple and fluent language in order to be compelling and comprehensible to today's audience. The process of narrating these tales in contemporary language should be in accordance with the principles that have two main axes: First, maintaining the structure of the story and the style of the author, and second, its conforming to the audience’s language and understanding. In this regard, rewriting and returning the stories of Shahnameh to prose, in addition to paying attention to the level of the audience, also requires knowledge about Ferdowsi's style and expression. On the other hand, attention should be paid to summarizing and simplifying stories. Each of the Shahnameh's rewrites has some degrees of summarizing and omitting story or artistic effects. But the omission of some sections damages the original structure of the story, does not reveal Ferdowsi's art in composing stories for the audience. There are several ways to convey these points and the story to the audience as completely as possible. Considering the linkage of the Shahnameh headers with the structure of the story, our suggestion in this article is to use this manuscripts of the Shahnameh based on their headings. As a notable example, we have used the Florence version, which is the oldest available version of the Shahnameh and while reviewing some of the problems in rewriting this work, we have provided solutions for more accurate rewriting. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        7 - A comparative study of the concept of moderation inthe advices of the sixth "Dinkard" and in Ferdowsi's "Shahnameh
        zahra delpazi Mohammad behnamfar MOHAMMAD REZA RASHED MOHASSEL
        One of the basic concepts in Iranian thought is the principle of moderation in life affairs, which is clearly reflected in Pahlavi books and advice letters, especially in the sixth book of Dinkard, the most detailed advice letter in the Pahlavi language. In Ferdowsi's S More
        One of the basic concepts in Iranian thought is the principle of moderation in life affairs, which is clearly reflected in Pahlavi books and advice letters, especially in the sixth book of Dinkard, the most detailed advice letter in the Pahlavi language. In Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, which is considered as the summary of pre-Islamic Iranian culture, moderation is one of the basic principles that has been emphasized in various advices.In this article, we have tried to represent the similarities of these two books on moderation in a comparative way and with a content analysis approach. The results show that the concept of moderation in the Sixth Dinkard and Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh are very close to one another. In both books, thr extremes of excessiveness are examples of evil, and the good that lies between them is a symbol of moderation. On the other hand, goodness equals goodwill, good thinking and good speech; Three important principles of Zoroastrian thought that are directly related to reason and guide people to a rational life based on moderation.There is also a close link between moderation and justice that evokes the concept of "asha" in Zoroastrian thought.It is noteworthy that the concept of moderation in the sixth Dinkard is more consistent with the recommendations of the historical part of the Shahnameh, especially poems related to the reign of Khosrow Anoshirvan, and sometimes the recommendations are quite similar which could be the result of the direct influence of the sixth Dinkard on Shahnameh or due tocommon sources for the two books. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        8 - Peace-sodality Iranians in the story of Fereydoun (One of Ferdowsi's Intellectual Features of his Epic)
        mohammad reza Keyvanfar Parvaneh A’del Zadeh kamran pashaei fahkri
        This article seeks to examine how the Iranian heroes think about peace in Fereydoun story. In this story, several peaceful methods are discussed. The wide distribution of wealth among the needy by Faraanak, the division of the world into three parts and pluralism in the More
        This article seeks to examine how the Iranian heroes think about peace in Fereydoun story. In this story, several peaceful methods are discussed. The wide distribution of wealth among the needy by Faraanak, the division of the world into three parts and pluralism in the method of governance, and the avoidance of individuality in the division of the world, which is the work of Fereydoun, Emphasis on dialogue in resolving conflicts among heroes and relying on finding a solution to peace and absolute rejection of violence, avoiding the use of military force to resolve disputes, not belonging to the world and avoiding stubbornness and struggle to stay in the power that is the characteristic of Iraj in front of his brothers, paying special attention to justice, and avoiding oppression and tyranny in Fereydoun's actions and speech. What Fereydoun has benefited from, as well as the actions of the words and thoughts of the Iranian heroes in Fereydoun's story, are in line with today's peaceful views. Manuscript profile